Horseshoe kidney is when the two kidneys attach at the lower poles, creating one horseshoe shaped kidney. This is a common type of renal fusion anomaly, occurring more ofter in males. Horseshoe kidneys are not problematic, but because of the anatomical defect, can cause kidney issues. These issues include urinary tract infections, renal stones, renal masses, renal cancer, andUPJ (ureteropelvic junction) obstructions. Each of these presents it's own type of symptoms and treatments. Horseshoe kidney does not cause these symptoms, and is usually diagnosed while imaging for symptoms of previously listed problems. However, horseshoe kidney does present these problems in a higher percentage of patients than those without horseshoe kidneys.
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